undersea cable is a cable wrapped with insulating material, laid on the seabed, and used for telecommunication transmission. Submarine cables are divided into submarine communication cables and submarine power cables. Modern submarine cables use optical fiber as material to transmit telephone and Internet signals. The world’s first submarine cable was laid between Britain and France in 1850. China’s first submarine cable was completed in 1988.
Submarine cables are conductors wrapped in insulating materials, laid on the seabed and underwater in rivers for telecommunication transmission. Modern submarine cables use optical fiber as a material to transmit telephone and Internet signals. The world’s first submarine cable was laid between Britain and France in 1850.
In the production of submarine optical cables, the optical fibers are first embedded in a jelly-like compound to protect the cables from damage even when in contact with seawater. The cables are then placed in steel pipes to prevent the pressure of the water from destroying them. Next, they are wrapped in steel wires with extremely high overall strength, and then in copper pipes, and finally covered with a protective layer of polyethylene material. On the coast close to the continental shelf, submarine cables are usually laid with lightweight cables paired with stronger steel wires, and covered with an asphalt coating to prevent seawater corrosion.
Submarine communication cables are mainly used for long-distance communication networks and are usually used for submarine cables.
They are used for important occasions such as long-distance islands and cross-sea military facilities. The laying distance of submarine power cables is much shorter than that of communication cables. They are mainly used between land islands, across rivers or harbors, connecting drilling platforms from land or connecting drilling platforms to each other. In general, the use of submarine cables to transmit electricity is undoubtedly more expensive than overhead cables of the same length, but it is often more economical than using small and isolated power stations for regional power generation, and it has more benefits in offshore areas. In countries with many islands and rivers, this type of cable is widely used.
Compared with land cables, firstly, laying does not require digging tunnels or supporting with brackets, so the investment is small and the construction speed is fast; secondly, except for the landing area, most cables are on the seabed at a certain depth, and are not affected by natural environment such as wind and waves, or interference from human production activities. Therefore, the cables are safe and stable, have strong anti-interference ability and good confidentiality performance.
Although a shark was recorded on camera damaging an undersea cable once, sharks and other fish have caused less than 1% of undersea cable failures since 2006.
In 1866, the Atlantic Cable was successfully laid, which enabled telegraph communication across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and the United States. Today, with the development of social economy and science and technology, there are more and more types of submarine pipelines. According to their uses, submarine pipelines can be simply divided into oil pipelines, gas pipelines, water pipelines, etc.; submarine cables mainly include communication optical cables, power transmission cables, communication cables, etc.
Wire and cable bundle combustion test: BS EN 60332-3-24/ BS EN 60332-3-25
Wire and cable bundle combustion test: BS EN 50266-2-4/BS EN 50266-2-5
Wire and cable single combustion test: BS EN 60332-1-2
Wire and cable smoke density test: BS EN 61034-1/BS EN 61034-2
Wire and cable toxicity test: BS EN 50305 Section 9.2
At present, there is a broad market and application prospect for domestic and international submarine cables, which are mainly reflected in the following markets:
1. Coastal cities and islands market
Submarine cables are an important means of transmitting electricity and communications between coastal islands and cities. The amount of optoelectronic composite submarine cables and submarine cross-linked cables required between coastal cities, islands and islands and the mainland in my country in 2006 was about 800 km, and the demand is expected to be more than 3,000 km by 2020.
2. Submarine cable market for offshore oil platforms
It is understood that the amount of cables used on each offshore oil platform is: 150 km for self-elevating platforms, 180 km for semi-submersible platforms, 200 km for oil production platforms, 200 km for production platforms, and 100 km for living platforms.
3. Underwater cable market for rivers, lakes, etc.
Due to the need to transform rivers, lakes and reservoir dams, underwater cables are being used more and more widely. In China, they are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Nu jiang River, Qian tang River, Pearl River and other markets.
4. Submarine cables for offshore wind power generation and transmission
The construction of offshore wind farms is an important direction for the development of international new energy, and will also be the “direction of direction” for the development of my country’s wind power industry. China already has nearly 100 onshore wind farms, but the construction of offshore wind farms has just started. For submarine cables, their application in offshore wind power generation and transmission has broad market prospects.
5. Southeast Asia and other international markets
Southeast Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, etc. do not yet have the production capacity of submarine cables. Many local regional submarine cable projects have introduced optoelectronic composite submarine cables from Western Europe, which is very expensive.
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